How we calculate your paycheck
- Gross pay is your salary divided by pay periods (52 weekly, 26 biweekly, 24 semimonthly, 12 monthly), or hours times rate plus overtime at 1.5x. See gross vs net pay.
- Pre-tax deductions come off next. A traditional 401(k) lowers income tax wages only; cafeteria-plan health premiums, HSA, and FSA lower Social Security and Medicare wages too (why).
- Federal income tax follows the IRS Publication 15-T percentage method for a 2020-or-later W-4: we annualize your taxable wages, subtract the 2026 standard deduction ($16,100 single, $32,200 married, $24,150 head of household), apply the brackets, and divide back down.
- Social Security (OASDI) is 6.2% of wages up to $184,500; Medicare is 1.45% with no cap, plus 0.9% on wages over $200,000. More in what is OASDI.
- State taxes use your state’s 2026 brackets or flat rate, its deduction or exemption, and any employee-paid programs like SDI or paid family leave.
2026 federal tax brackets
| Rate | Single | Married jointly |
|---|---|---|
| 10% | $0 to $12,400 | $0 to $24,800 |
| 12% | $12,400 to $50,400 | $24,800 to $100,800 |
| 22% | $50,400 to $105,700 | $100,800 to $211,400 |
| 24% | $105,700 to $201,775 | $211,400 to $403,550 |
| 32% | $201,775 to $256,225 | $403,550 to $512,450 |
| 35% | $256,225 to $640,600 | $512,450 to $768,700 |
| 37% | Over $640,600 | Over $768,700 |
Taxable income after the standard deduction. Source: IRS, Rev. Proc. 2025-32.
States with no income tax on wages
Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, Wyoming.
States with employee-paid disability or paid leave
Alaska (AK SUI), California (CA SDI), Colorado (CO FAMLI), Connecticut (CT PL), Delaware (DE PFML), Hawaii (HI TDI), Maine (ME PFML), Massachusetts (MA PFML), Minnesota (MN PFML), New Jersey (NJ TDI, NJ FLI, NJ UI/WF/SWF), New York (NY SDI (DBL), NY PFL), Oregon (OR PLO, OR STT), Pennsylvania (PA SUI), Rhode Island (RI TDI), Vermont (VT CCC), Washington (WA PFML, WA Cares).